f.3. Michael,
ged. 01/05/1666, Shepley, Kirkburton, Yorkshire, Engeland, oorl. 21/06/1741, Kirkburton x 17/09/1695, Ecclesfield,
York, Kirkburton, Yorkshire, Engeland met Ellin MORTON, ged. 04/1667, Ecclesfield, Yorkshire, Engeland,
d.v. Thomas Morton.
Michael was die seun van John Wortley en Alice Pogson.
Na Koning Charles II se dood, is hy opgevolg deur sy broer, Koning James II (r.1685-1688). James II is onttroon deur die Glorious Revolution. Lede van Brittanje se politieke en godsdienstige elite het vermoed dat Koning James II pro-Frans en pro-Katoliek was. Toe hy 'n Katolieke erfgenaam kry, het die spanning tot uiting gekom en die edeles het ‘n beroep op sy Protestantse skoonseun en neef, Willem van Oranje gedoen, om 'n inval uit Nederland te loots, wat hy gedoen het. Koning James II het uit Engeland gevlug. William (r.1689-1702) en Mary (James II se dogter) van Oranje (r.1689-94) het die troon bestyg as gesamentlike konings en verdedigers van die Protestantisme, gevolg deur Queen Anne, (r.1702-1714) die tweede van Koning James II se dogters.
Na Koning Charles II se dood, is hy opgevolg deur sy broer, Koning James II (r.1685-1688). James II is onttroon deur die Glorious Revolution. Lede van Brittanje se politieke en godsdienstige elite het vermoed dat Koning James II pro-Frans en pro-Katoliek was. Toe hy 'n Katolieke erfgenaam kry, het die spanning tot uiting gekom en die edeles het ‘n beroep op sy Protestantse skoonseun en neef, Willem van Oranje gedoen, om 'n inval uit Nederland te loots, wat hy gedoen het. Koning James II het uit Engeland gevlug. William (r.1689-1702) en Mary (James II se dogter) van Oranje (r.1689-94) het die troon bestyg as gesamentlike konings en verdedigers van die Protestantisme, gevolg deur Queen Anne, (r.1702-1714) die tweede van Koning James II se dogters.
The
surname of Morton was a locational
name 'of Morton'. Early records of the name mention Johannes de Morton listed
in the Yorkshire Poll Tax of the year 1379. John Morton (1420-1500) English prelate and
stateman, Lord Chancellor in 1487.
Morton Arms: Quarterly gules and ermine, in
the first quarter a
goat's head erased armed or.
Crest:
A goat's head erased argent, attired or.
(http://www.4crests.com/morton-coat-of-arms.html)
Richard Morton, geb. 1605 het 'n seun Thomas Morton, geb. 1631, wat die volgende kinders het: John
Morton, geb. 1661; Mary Morton, geb. 1664; Thomas Morton, geb. 1662; Ellin Morton, geb. 1667; en Joseph Morton, geb. 1668-1669
1672. Hearth tax. Ecclesfield. Thomas Morton 3. (http://www.hearthtax.org.uk/communities/ westriding/w_yorks_transcript.pdf)
Engeland het gedurende die
17de eeu stelselmatig ryker geraak. Trade en commerce het gegroei en teen die einde van die eeu het handel ‘n
belangrike deel van die Engelse ekonomie uitgemaak. Die status van handelaars het verbeter en handelaars het meer respek ontvang.
(Lambert, Tim: Daily life in
England in the 1600’) Shepley het met
Dewsbury handel gedryf en handelaars het vanaf Shepley na Dewsbury gestap. Early
travellers would meet at sunrise, or earlier, at The Bridge in Shepley to
travel in convoy because of the danger of attack and robbery. (Billington, David: Shepley, Believe it …… or Not!) The principal trade of the village about 80 years ago (1681),
consisted in the manufacture of sale yam. It was spun for warps, and taken on
pack-horses to Dewsbury market, and sold. The market people were usually
assembled early in the morning by the sound of a horn, when they proceeded on
their way together. This branch of business led to some of the inhabitants
becoming hawkers of stocking yarn and as their means increased, they extended
their dealing to cloth and general drapery. The success of their enterprise
stimulated others to follow the example. (https://archive.org/stream/historyandtopog00moregoog/historyandtopog00moregoog_djvu.txt
)
Yeomen en husbandmen het
in die laat 17de eeu op vee gekonsentreer, omdat die inkomste wat hulle uit
hulle industrial by-employments verdien het, betaal het vir
brood, koring en mout wat hulle van smouse of in die mark
gekoop het. Gentlemen and yeomen profited from
their investment or from their organisational roles in industrial enterprises,
whilst most of the clothiers, metalworkers and other craftsmen combined their
trade with farming. Some of these craftsmen were poor cottagers or
smallholders, but many others gained an adequate living and the
yeomen-factors were often substantial men. (Hey David:
Introduction: The West Riding in the late seventeenth century)
(Billington, David: Shepley, Believe it …… or Not!)
Die belangrikheid van landbou het die ontwikkeling van Laithe huise en daarna Weavers’ Cottages tot
gevolg gehad. Cloth
was initially made in people’s homes and there is still plenty of evidence of
weavers’ cottages with rows of upstairs windows to gather maximum daylight.
Many of the farmhouses also had a top floor weaving room. This enabled weavers
to work with wool spun from the fleeces from their own sheep. Their working
days were totally governed by the available daylight hours. (Billington, David:
Shepley, Believe it …… or Not!)
Weavers’ Cottages – They tend to conform to a traditional design; two or
three storeys high, with the weaving room occupying the full length of the
attic or top storey. Rows of narrow mullioned windows allowed the maximum
amount of daylight into the room. The weaving room was often reached by outside
stairs and a ‘taking in’ door. This made it easier to bring woollen yarn in and
take the finished pieces out; and also allowed the family to divide their home
more conveniently between work and family responsibilities. (Billington, David: Shepley, Believe it …… or Not!)
Ds. Richard Thorpe, ‘n Presbiteriaanse
geestelike wat in Hopton, naby Mirfield gewoon het, het in 1689 'n skool tot
voordeel van die inwoners van Shepley gestig. Hy was die eienaar van ‘n
aansienlike hoeveelheid eiendomme in hierdie distrik. Hy het die genoemde
skoolgebou in trust aan vier van die belangrikste inwoners van Shepley,
oorgedra, om aan Richard Thorpe, sy erfgenaam en gevolmagdiges die volgende te
betaal, " the yeariy rent
of a red rose, if demanded," — "to the intent and purpose
nevertheless, and upon this express trust, that the said schoolhouse shall so
continue to be constantly employed for a schoolhouse for ever." (Morehouse, Henry James: The
history and topography of the parish of Kirkburton and of the graveship of
Holme, Holmfirth in the county of York. Huddersfield MDCCLXI) For
such a small village, in a relatively rough agricultural and rural area,
Shepley had a school at a surprisingly early time. In 1689 there are records of a Schoolhouse in
Shepley, started by the Presbyterian Minister, the Revd. Richard Thorpe. It is
thought this schoolroom was located adjacent to the now Marsh Lane, which at
the time, not surprisingly, was called School House Lane. (Billington, David: Shepley,
Believe it …… or Not!) Ten spyte van die stigter se goeie
bedoelings het die skool later tot niet gegaan.
It fell into decay and had to
close in 1861. (Billington,
David: Shepley, Believe it …… or Not!)
Instead of lords of
manors who held their land from their feudal superiors in return for military
service, and who farmed the land by both free and unfree labor,
eighteenth-century England was dominated by estate owners, who leased parcels
of land to tenant farmers, all of whom were legally free. The tenants and their
wives worked the land with the assistance of hired farm laborers, both male and
female. Feudal duties and labor services had long disappeared, but certain
elements remained from the medieval system: (1) the three-field (or
“open-field” system); (2) common rights; (3) cooperative management; and (4)
relatively low yields.
(Heyck, Thomas: A History of the Peoples of the British Isles: From 1688
to 1914, Volume 2. London 2002. P. 57)
Die landbou-rewolusie het die lewe in
Engeland verander. Tot 1701 was saad met die hand gesaai, totdat Jethro
Tull 'n saadboor uitgevind het wat saad in reguit rye kon saai. Hy het
ook 'n perdaangedrewe skoffel uitgevind, wat die grond en onkruid tussen die
rye gewasse geskoffel het. Tot op hierdie stadium het die meeste boere
ook hulle vee aan die begin van die winter geslag, omdat hulle nie genoeg kos
om hul diere deur die wintermaande te voer, kon produseer nie. In die
18de eeu is daar met selektiewe teling begin, wat tot gevolg gehad het dat plaasdiere
veel groter geraak het en meer vleis, wol en melk voorsien het.
(Lambert, Tim: Daily life in 18th century Britain)
Politieke mag en invloed was steeds
deur die ryk grondeienaars gehou. (Lambert, Tim: Daily life in
England in the 1600’) John Firth van Shepley Hall sterf in 1682 en sy
vrou Ann in 1694. Hy het sy estate aan Thomas Firth, sy seun en erfgenaam
nagelaat, wat seuns John and Thomas gehad het, aan wie hy, met sy dood in 1702
die estate nagelaat
het. Thomas het as minderjarige gesterf en John het die alleeneienaar
geword. Hierdie John Firth het die estate aan sy enigste seun Thomas Firth,
getroud met Martha, dogter van John Tyas of Scholes, nagelaat. (Morehouse,
Henry James: The history and topography of the parish of Kirkburton and
of the graveship of Holme, Holmfirth in the county of York. Huddersfield
MDCCLXI)
Industriële ontwikkeling in die vroeë
1700's was aanvanklik stadig, aangesien die swaar masjinerie van
tekstielfabrieke en steenkoolmyne afhanklik was van die dryfkrag van
waterwiele, windpompe en perdekrag.
Veranderinge in stoomtegnologie het egter die situasie dramaties te
verander. So vroeg as 1712 het Thomas
Newcomen sy eerste stoomaangedrewe pistonenjin bekendgestel. Stoomenjins het vinnig verbeter soos die eeu
gevorder het en is al hoe meer gebruik.
Meer doeltreffende en kragtige enjins is in steenkoolmyne,
tekstielfabrieke en dosyne ander swaar nywerhede aangebring. (http://www.bl.uk/georgian-britain/articles/the-industrial-revolution)
Teen 1715 moes die mense van die Shepley distrik die kommerwekkende nuus
van die rebellie hoor. The
major Jacobite risings were called the Jacobite rebellions by the ruling
governments. The "first Jacobite rebellion" occurred in 1715.
The uprisings had the aim of returning James II and later his descendants
of the House of Stuart, to the throne after they had been deposed by Parliament
during the Glorious Revolution.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobite_risings) Die verskriklike
gevolge van die Civil War was nog
helder in die herinneringe van sy inwoners, for, notwithstanding the
generation which had witnessed its horrors among them had passed away, yet not
a few of their children still survived, to whom the sad tale had often been
told, and on whose minds it still remained vividly impressed. Toe die nuus dat die rebelle in Engeland aangekom het, die Kirkburton gemeente bereik,,het die chief constable van die distrik, en 'n paar van die
belangrikste inwoners, daadwerklik begin om subscriptions te werf, met die doel om wagte in die
wyke te vestig en mense bymekaar te maak wat hulle kon oplei om die distrik
teen plundering en geweld te verdedig. (Morehouse, Henry
James: The history and topography of the parish of Kirkburton and of the
graveship of Holme, Holmfirth in the county of York. Huddersfield MDCCLXI)
In 1720 verlaat Mary Hutton die Presbyterian Chapel in New Mill (‘n area bekend as Yew Tree in Shepley). The rents from this were to be used for chapel expenses. (Billington,
David: Shepley, Believe it
…… or Not!)
1720. Shepley. Mrs. Mary Hutton, wife of the late
Richard Hutton, of Pudsey, in the county of York, gentleman, by her will dated
26th July, 1720 (among other devises to charitable uses), bequeathed a
rent-charge towards the better maintenance and support of such preaching
minister at Lydget, in Holmfirth, being Protestant Dissenters from the Church
of England, and of the Presbyterian congregation way or persuasion, as shall
from time to time be the settled preacher directing that her trustees therein
mentioned “ shall pay to such preaching minister for the time being at the said
chapel,1’ &c«, and “ to his successors, the sum of Three Pounds annually
isaaing out of Tenements in Sheplej, in the occupation of Michael Wortley and
Joseph Goldthorp, called the Yew Tree." (Morehouse, Henry
James: The history and topography of the parish of Kirkburton and of the
graveship of Holme, Holmfirth in the county of York. Huddersfield MDCCLXI)
Kinders:
g.1. Alice WORTLEY, ged. 25/10/1696, Shepley, Kirkburton, Yorkshire, Engeland (7209) x 21/11/1717 met William Wortley.
g.2. Sarah WORTLEY, ged.30/12/1698, Shepley, Kirkburton, Yorkshire, Engeland.
g.3. Elizabeth WORTLEY, ged. 17/08/1701, Kirkburton, Yorkshire, Engeland, begr. 02/07/1719.
g.4. John WORTLEY, ged. 26/11/1704, Kirkburton, Yorkshire, Engeland, oorl. tussen 1775 en 1777, Kirkburton, Yorkshire, Engeland x 13/02/1725/26 met Alice Jackson, ged. c. 1705/8, Kirkburton, Yorkshire, Engeland, oorl. tussen 1784 en 1789, Kirkburton, Yorkshire, Engeland.
g.5. Joseph WORTLEY, ged. 14/12/1707, Kirkburton, Yorkshire, Engeland.
g.6. Michael WORTLEY, ged. 01/01/1711, Kirkburton, Yorkshire, Engeland. X 27/12/1739 met Elizabeth Firth.
