Na die Conquest het die nuwe
aristokratiese reëling, die adel 'n wyer verskeidenheid, meestal korporatiewe, voorregte
gegee. Corporate privileges are those
that are enjoyed by the aristocracy as a whole instead of just by
nobility. These new privileges that
arise allow for a distinction from the commonality and impart a sense of social
identity. It is from these that a family
could gain the right to a coats of arms as a badge of nobility as opposed to it
being merely the mark of a military knight. Coats of arms was belangrik onder die adel, want dit is 'n soort
titel wat deur die jonger seuns geërf kon word, om aristokratiese status te
verkry. Dit was uiters belangrik, as jy nie die oudste seun in 'n familie was
nie, want tegnies het jy geen aanspraak op eiendom wat jou familie besit gehad,
tensy ander ooreenkomste gemaak is nie. Die
jonger kinders sou dan gedwing wees om hul eie grond te koop en hul eie
magsposisie te verkry. Deur die familiewapen te erf kon jonger kinders die
familienaam gebruik om naam vir hulle self te maak. Coats
of arms could be created for new families without any formal sanctions until
1689 when new arms were required to have formal authorization and the
assumption of any coats of arms was outlawed . Deel van die korporatiewe voorregte het die
gebruik van “von” sowel as “de” voor die van, sowel as benamings soos
"gentleman" en "Mr” ingesluit. Al hierdie voorregte was van uiterste belang toe
dit geskep was, tot 1700 toe gewone mense begin het om dit aan te neem, wat
gelei het tot die daling in status van die woord. Die eerste Wortley’s het “de”
voor hulle van gebruik, maar met verloop van tyd is dit weggelaat. A decree
in 1440 made a statute claiming that these corporate privileges excluded,
“anyone that standeth in the degree of yeoman and beneath” and admitted, “apart
from knights such as notable squires, gentlemen of birth…as be able to be
knights. Uit hierdie wetgewing het ‘n latere korporatiewe
voorreg ontstaan wat aristokrate van commoners
onderskei het d.m.v. sekere kleredrag. These
rights were awarded to, “the degree of gentleman and above” and could include
knights and peers. The fabrics that were allowed only to the nobility in these
new laws included foreign furs (enacted 1510, terminated 1532), and silk shirts
(enacted 1532, repealed 1604. (http://dspace.udel.edu/bitstream/handle/19716/17153/Worthley,%20Nicole.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y)
Familiewapens, in die Europese tradisie, is ‘n ontwerp wat aan ‘n spesifieke persoon of groep mense behoort het en wat deur hulle op ‘n wye verskeidenheid van maniere gebruik is. Geskiedkundig is dit deur ridders gebruik om hulle van vyandige soldate te onderskei. Arms were first used for identification on the shields and banners of knights in battle and in tournaments. Beginning in the reign of Henry III, arms were used also on surcoats (a surcoat was an outer coat or garment worn by people of rank of both sexes and often worn by armed men over their armor, having the heraldic arms depicted on it), which gave rise to the term coat of arms, which today might refer to a shield of arms bearing certain distinctive emblems in definite fixed colors or to the complete achievement of arms including the shield, crest, supporters, and motto. (http://rwguide.rootsweb.ancestry.com/lesson19.htm) In Engeland en Skotland het ‘n indiwidu, eerder as ‘n familie, ‘n familiewapen gehad. In hierdie tradisie was die familiewapen die wettige eiendom van so ‘n persoon en dit is aangegee van pa na seun. Vroue en dogters kon ook die familiewapen dra, mits dit aangepas was om hulle verwandskap tot die huidige houer van die wapen aan te toon. Familiewapens was aanvanklik, waarskynlik net soos die vanne, aangeneem deur elke krygsman, om homself uit te sonder van die ander.
The Shield of
the noble house of de Luterell, or Loterel, I have blazoned with changed
tinctures for two near kinsmen bearing that name, thus showing in what manner
they marked their Cadency. This same shield,
a bend between six martlets sa., was also differenced by other families
to mark their feudal alliance with the house of Luterell. Thus, the de
Furnivals, themselves a powerful and distinguished family, who held their lands
by feudal tenure under the Luterells, in token of this alliance bore the Shield
of De Luterell with a fresh change of tinctures; and, accordingly, the arms of
the De Furnivals are well known as —Arg., a bend between six martlets gu. (Boutell,
Charles, Editor: The Handbook to English Heraldry Author. A. C. Fox-Davies Illustrator: R. B. Utting
Release Date: October 24, 2007)
"Martlets borne in arms signify that the bearer aquired nobility by his bravery and prowess or by his intelligence, and that he had little wealth or means of subsistence at first but lived on his aquisitions... for the martlet is painted without feet like something that is without foundation. And those who bear these birds dwell in courts of lords or Kings, and they live on the bounty of their lords. Yet they are noble. It is not by wealth and riches alone that nobility is aquired, but by deeds of prowess and other good habits" (Heraldry of some Yorkshire Families. (http://www.midgleywebpages.com/westyorksarms.html)
Een bewys van die sosiale stand van die Wortleyfamilie, is dat hulle op ‘n baie vroeë stadium die skild van Furnival, the great lord of Hallamshire as hul heraldiese wapen aangeneem het. Then, while the Furnivals, for Cadency, differenced these arms amongst themselves, their feudal allies and dependants, the Ecclesalls or Ekeleshales, the Mounteneys, the Wadesles or Wadsleys, and the Worteles or Wortleys, all united in declaring their connection with their chief by assuming arms founded upon the Furnival Coat. These very interesting and characteristic examples of feudal Differencing are well blazoned, as follows, in the Roll of Edward II. For de Ecclesall—Sa., a bend between six martlets or: for de Mounteney—Gu., a bend between six martlets or: for de Wadsley—Arg., on a bend between six martlets gu., three escallops or, and for de Wortley—Arg., on a bend between six martlets gu., three bezants. (Boutell, Charles, Editor: The Handbook to English Heraldry Author. A. C. Fox-Davies Illustrator: R. B. Utting Release Date: October 24, 2007)
Die Wortley familiewapen: Die wapenskild is silwer, op ‘n skuinsbalk tussen ses muurswaweltjie in rooi, is drie goue skywe/ munte (bezants). Dit dui ‘n soldier of fortune aan. (One who will serve in any army or undertake risky tasks for personal gain or love of adventure.) Die Wortleys het nie slegs die Arms of Wortley as feodale verhouding met die Furnivals gehad nie, maar ook met die De Busli familie van Tickhill. (Heraldry of some Yorkshire Families http://www.midgleywebpages.com/westyorksarms.html )
Crest (helmteken): An eagle’s leg (arend se been) plumed
on the thigh with three feathers arg.
Arms:- Arg, on a bend between six martlets gu three
berants (Foster, Joseph:
Pedigrees of the County Families of Yorkshire, Vol. 2, West Riding.
London. 1874)
SILVER (appears white or light gray) = argent
BLACK = sable
GREEN = vert (or
sinople)
PURPLE = purpure
RED = gules
BLUE = azure
(Rootsweb’s guide to tracing family trees)
RED = gules
BLUE = azure
(Rootsweb’s guide to tracing family trees)
Soos huwelike plaasgevind het, is hulle arms saamgesmelt deur hulle shield te verdeel. Met hulle kinders se huwelike is dit weer verdeel - en so aan. Dit is quartering genoem en teen die 14de eeu, was dit slegs die heralds wat die komplekse stelsel kon verstaan.
© Johandré Wortley - Creative Commons BY-NC (Free Noncommercial use with Attribution)
© Johandré Wortley - Creative Commons BY-NC (Free Noncommercial use with Attribution)
© Johandré Wortley - Creative Commons BY-NC (Free Noncommercial use with Attribution)
© Johandré Wortley - Creative Commons BY-NC (Free Noncommercial use with Attribution)
© Johandré Wortley - Creative Commons BY-NC (Free Noncommercial use with Attribution)
© Johandré Wortley - Creative Commons BY-NC (Free Noncommercial use with Attribution)
© Johandré Wortley - Creative Commons BY-NC (Free Noncommercial use with Attribution)
© Johandré Wortley - Creative Commons BY-NC (Free Noncommercial use with Attribution)
