b.1. Nicholas, geb. c. 1174 x c. 1193, Hemsworth, Yorkshire met NN.
Nicholas was die seun van Alanus de Wortley.
(Foster,
Joseph: Pedigrees of the County Families
of Yorkshire, Vol. 2, West Riding. London. 1874)
Nicholas was die seun van Alanus de Wortley.
Nicholas de Wortley, die seun van Alanus het in die
regeringstyd van Koning Richard I (r.1189-1199) en sy opvolger Koning John (r.1199-1216)
geleef. Vanaf die regeringstyd van
Richard I (r.1189-1199) het heraldiese wapens al hoe meer gewild geraak en het
dit op die seëls van families voorgekom, remaining
unchanged in the same families, and passing from father to son. (Rootsweb’s guide to tracing family trees
No.19 http://rwguide.rootsweb.ancestry.com/lesson19_text.html
)
Koning John die jongste van Koning Henry II se vyf
seuns, het gedurende sy broer Richard I se afwesigheid, a.g.v. die Third Crusade, vanaf 1189 as waarnemende koning opgetree. John het sy broer opgevolg, nadat Koning
Richard I in ‘n geveg in Frankryk gedood is.
Die grootste gedeelte van koning John se regeringstyd was oorheers deur
oorlog met Frankryk. Hy was ook in
konflik met die kerk. By the time of King John it had become
more convenient and usual for the obligation for service to be commuted for a
cash payment known as `scutage', and for the revenue so obtained to be used to maintain paid armies. (The text of Magna Carta
Fordham University. http://legacy.fordham.edu/halsall/source/magnacarta.asp) Na
die vredesverdrag van Le Goulet was daar vir ‘n rukkie lank vrede, maar gevegte
het weer in 1202 begin. John het feitlik
alle Engelse besitting teenoor Frankryk verloor en het vir die volgende dekade,
sonder sukses, probeer om dit terug te wen, totdat hy in 1214 finaal verslaan
is. Sy beleid van onderdrukking en
genadelose belastings om vir die oorlog in Frankryk te betaal het, hom in
konflik met sy baronne gebring. In 1215 het
Koning John, om die vrede met die rebelse baronne te herstel, ingestem tot die
optrek van die Magna Carta, ‘n dokument
wat perke aan die magte van die koning stel, die feodale verpligting van die
baronne uiteensit, die vryheid van die kerk bevestig en regte aan alle vrye
persone en hulle nageslag gee. Dit het
egter nie vir lank vrede gebring nie en Koning John het gevlug, waarna hy in
Oktober 1216 dood is. (Royal family history http://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=john)
In 1215, the Magna Carta stipulated that common pleas should be held in
a fixed place: this was usually Westminster Hall. As the treaty also created two separate
jurisdictions, two separate courts known Common Pleas and King's Bench were
formed during the 13th century - the former for civil litigation and the latter for cases of interest to the King (effectively
the supreme court for criminal cases). The
King's Bench used the southern end of Westminster Hall, with the King sitting
in the marble chair when he presided, while Commons Pleas was located near the
chief door of the Hall on the north.
(http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/building/palace/westminsterhall/government-and-administration/early-law-courts/) Koning John (r.1199-1216), is opgevolg deur Koning Henry III (r. 1216-1272). 
Die legende van Robin Hood, waarin Koning John voorgestel word as die
slegte koning, dateer uit hierdie tyd.
Plekke wat aan Robin Hood verbind word, is: Wentbridge, Barnsdale, Blyth, Doncaster,
Kirklees, The Greenwood, York, South Owram naby Halifax, Huddersfield, Wortley (The Wharncliffe Park near Loxley also in
Ivanho), Barnsley, Rotherham, Wakefield, Bawtry, en die Sayles. (Robin Hood Territory http://www.robinhoodloxley.net/mycustompage0006.htm) In the
Royal Forest were bears, wolves, wild bulls, red deer and boars, as well as
wild duck, pheasants and partridges. In
King John’s time large studs of horses were maintained for the hunt in the
booths around Edale. Medieval kings used Peveril Castle as a Hunting Lodge and
in 1184 stampeding deer trampled men and dogs to death, such was their number.
Die grens vir Penistone sluit Langsett
Moors in, wat nie ver van die "Royal Forest of the Peak" is nie. Being a
market town there are many ancient tracks and packhorse routes that converged
onto Penistone from a wide area including Longdendale, Holmfirth, Hope Valley,
Sheffield, Huddersfield, Wakefield, the saltway from Cheshire, and Wharncliff
Woods, the River Don, and Wortley which are mentioned in Ivanhoe as being the
haunt of the famous outlaw. (Robin
of Loxley. Robin Hood. http://therealrobinhood.blogspot.com.au/ Standbeeld van Robin Hood in Nottingham.
Dwarsdeur die Middeleeuse tydperk was die Kerk in
Engeland ‘n magtige grondeienaar en het hulle ‘n belangrike rol in die
ontwikkeling van landbou en plattelandse handel in die eerste twee eeue van die
Normandiese regering gespeel. Toe die
Normandiërs in Yorkshire aangekom het, was daar nog geen Monastic foundations nie. In
die eeue wat die Conquest gevolg het,
is daar pragtige abbeys en priories in Yorkshire gebou. (Priory
= a monastery or nunnery governed by a prior - superior officer of a religious
house or order) Voor die aankoms van die Normandiërs was
daar 48 kloosters in Engeland, maar teen
1154, toe Koning Stephen gesterf het, was die getal godsdienstige huise byna
300. Die belangrikste kloosters in die
noorde van Engeland, was dié van die Cistercians
wat in 1129 in Engeland aangekom het. Hulle het gemeenskappe in afgeleë gebiede gevestig, waar
hulle marginal grond verbeter het en
groot troppe skape aangehou het. Die wol
van die skape het die land se vernaamste uitvoerproduk geraak. (http://www.towneley.org.uk/downloads/TTv4_web.pdf.) Die monnike het met hul medemense gemeng en het
baie sosiale pligte, soos die ontbosting van die woud, onderneem. Hulle het waste
lands onder verbouing gebring, paaie
en brûe herstel, vis gevang en geberg, kruie versamel en gekweek, en minerale
grondstowwe ontgin. (The
Early Monks http://www.robinhoodloxley.net/mycustompage0021.htm) Kloosters
was die skole en biblioteke, die hospitale en die pioniers in nywerheid. They were the clubs in which the young
manhood received its first direction, the offices in which the first newssheets
of the day were written and the colleges in which administrative ability was
developed. They were the only havens of peace in an age of perpetual war, and
largely it was they that showed a better way of life in an age of greed and
selfishness and cruelty and it is to the monks of Saxon England that we owe our
earliest treasures in literature and art, for through their art we know what
the Anglo-Saxon people looked like.
(The EarlyMonks http://www.robinhoodloxley.net/mycustompage0021.htm)
In die laat 12de eeu het die die
Cistercian monks, wie blykbaar ook ysterwerke (ironworks) na die Don Vallei gebring het, ‘n invloed op die dorp
Wortley gehad. (The Village of Wortley.
A place of beauty, character and especially history.
http://thecountesstearoom.co.uk/home/index.php/ history/the-village-of-wortley) Groot hoeveelhede lawaslak (scoria), sommige
waarskynlik uit die tyd van die Romeinse besetting was in die woud gevind. I have
heard it said, that the excellent road from Grenoside to Wortley, which was
made in the time of the first Lord Wharncliffe, owes its durability, in great
measure, to much of this half-fused iron ore being used for its foundation. At
any rate, the Wortley Ironworks rank amongst the oldest in the country, and are
certainly anterior to any other hereabouts.
(Gatty, Alfred, rev., D.D. vicar
of Ecclesfield, and sub, dean of York: Wortley
& the Wortleys - a lecture delivered before the Sheffield literary and
philosophical society also the Rotherham literary and scientific society, 1877,
Sheffield) Foto: River Don at Wortley Forge (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:River_Don _at_Wortley_Forge_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1022460.jpg)Of the fee of one and a half knights of new
feoffment held by Reiner Flemengus in 1166 one knight’s fee included land in
Wath-Upon-Dearne and several places in that parish, In Darfield and Wombwell,
par. Darfield and in Wortley, par. Tankersley. (Early Yorkshire Charters:
Volume 7, The Honour of Skipton edited by William Farrer, Charles Travis Clay)
Kirklees Priory is bekend vir die beweerde graf van die legendariese
Robin Hood. "Kirklees,
a village in the chapelry of Clifton, and parish of Dewsbury, West Riding
county York, 4 miles N. of Huddersfield. It is situated on the river Calder.
Here was formerly a Cistercian nunnery, founded in the reign of Henry II.,
where Robin Hood was bled to death by the treacherous nun in 1247. (A vision of Britain through time. http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/17261) Robin Hood is vermoor deur sy niggie, wat die
Prioress at Kirklees was. (Robin Hood. Family trees http://www.robinhoodloxley.net/mycustompage0027.htm)
In 1090 het Robert de Laci die Priory van die Cluniac Order (St. John's) at Pontefract gestig. (The
De Laci Family Estates
http://midgleywebpages.com/delacifamily.html ) The house was dedicated to the honour of St.
John the Evangelist, and subjected to the Cluniac monks of La
Charité-sur-Loire, the order being then popular and in 'good odour and honest
fame. The priory buildings were destroyed in the Anarchy, and Gilbert de Gaunt,
who had claimed the estates but afterwards acknowledged himself in error, made
compensation for the demolition by a donation of property at South Ferriby,
Lincs. About 1153, during the rebuilding
of the priory, the monks received a temporary residence at Broughton. (http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/yorks/vol3/pp184-186)
The Cluniac priory of St
John. (http://pontefractyorkshire.co.uk/the-cluniac-priory-of-stjohn.html)
In die regeringstyd van Koning Henry III (r.1216-1272) is Nicholas Wortley
een van die getuies by ‘n Charter van
Robert de Bergh aan die monnike van St. John of Pontefract. Witnesses: Nicholas de Wrythlay, Henry de Tancreslay,
Ralph de Turkerland, Adam de Oldfield, Regner de Yanbwelle. (The town and township of
Barnsley in Yorkshire from an early period by Rowland Jackson, London 1858.
P.66)
Nicholas de Wortley was ook een van die getuies van ‘n charter van Gerard de Berneslay aan die
monnike van St. John’s of Pontefract. These being witnesses: Alan de Smytheton, Nicholas de Wyrthlay,
Henry de Tancreslay, William de Bretton, Ralph de Rupe, Richard Marton, and
others. (The
town and township of Barnsley in Yorkshire from an early period by Rowland
Jackson, London 1858.P.70-71)
In 1156 is die Priory van Monk Bretton as
ondergeskik aan die Priory van Pontefract gestig. Probleme en geskille het gou tussen die twee
huise ontstaan. .. and were only finally
settled by the renunciation of the order of Cluny by Monk Bretton in 1280, and
its subsequent continuance as a Benedictine Priory till the Dissolution. (http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/yorks/vol3/pp184-186)
Adam Fitz Swein, die kleinseun van Ailric, was ‘n groot baron. (The town and township of Barnsley in Yorkshire
from an early period by Rowland Jackson, London 1858. P. 237) Before
his death in 1158 Adam Fitz Swein founded the Priory of Monk Bretton and
endowed it with land or tithes in more than sixty places - a truly royal
offering: most of these places were in the Wapentake of Staincross, but some
were in Lancashire. (The fist Brettons http://www.bretton.org/the_first_brettons.htm) Die Priory of Monk Bretton is ongeveer 2
myl oos vanaf Barnsley geleë.
Monk Bretton Priory
Adam, (die seun van Orm) was die vader van Peter de
Birthwaite wat 'n charter aan die Monk
Bretton Priory gedurende die jare 1200-1214 uitgereik het. Adam was ‘n tenant van Adam Fitz Swain in Pilley, wat in die volgende charter die lord of Godard de
Pilley genoem word. (Farrer, William & Charles Travis Clay, eds.: Early Yorkshire charters, Vol. 6, The Paynel
fee. Leeds: Yorkshire Archaeological
Society, 1939) 1185-1215 Nicholas Wortley was a witness to a
Restoration by Godard de Pilley to Peter de Birthwaite, his lord, of 2 bovates of land in Pilley: "Sciant
presentes et futuri quod ego Godardus de Pillei reddidi et concessi et presenti
carta mea confirmavi Petro de Birketwait, domino meo, duas bovatas terre in
Pillei ... Hiis testibus, Johanne de
Birkine, Nicholas Wrtley,"
(Farrer, William & Clay, Charles
Travis, eds.: Early Yorkshire charters,
Vol. 6, The Paynel fee. Leeds: Yorkshire
Archaeological Society, 1939)
Die manor of Hunshelf was nog
een van Ailric se besittings. Hun’s shelf is a late Anglo Saxon place-name
for a flat piece of land on the ridge by Hunshelf Hall. The present hall is an eighteenth and
nineteenth century building, but it probably stands on the site of the medieval
house of the De Hunshelf family, the local lords of the manor. (Hey, David:
A History of Penistone and District. Barnsley. 2002) Die chief
lord het mills vir diegene in sy
omgewing opgerig. Die water corn mills het aan die lord of the manor behoort en dit was ‘n
waardevolle bate, aangesien die dorpsmense nie toegelaat was om enige ander
mill as die lord s’n te gebruik
nie. (Cooper, Stephen: Those was good lads - a history of tudor
Rotherham http://www.chivalryandwar.co. uk/Resource/TUDOR.pdf) … in order that he might receive some
adequate remuneration for the expense he had incurred. (Jackson, Roland: The history of the town and township of
Barnsley in Yorkshire from an early period. London. 1858). Indien
hulle dit sou doen, kon hulle ‘n boete kry.
Sommige individue is toegelaat om 'n quern,
of hand-aangedrewe slypsteen aan te hou, maar hulle moes dit suiwer vir huishoudelike
doeleindes gebruik. Die monopolie was
ongetwyfeld baie winsgewend.
A quern, or hand-operated grindstone
1190-1210 Grant by Simon de
Hunshelf to Nicholas son of Alan and his heirs of licence to attach the pool of
his mill of Wortley to the grantor’s land of Hunshelf, raise it and take the
grantor’s land near by for that purpose, rendering yearly a pound of pepper on
the morrow of St. Oswald at the said pool .
(Farrer, William & Clay, Charles Travis, eds.: Early Yorkshire charters, Vol. 7, The Honour
of Skipton. 1947), There follows a quitclaim by William son of
Simon de Huneself to Nicholas son of Nicholas de Wrtleie and his heirs of the
pound of pepper for 1d. yearly instead and a payment of 10s. of silver in
gersumam; witnesses, Sir Henry de Nofmarche, and others amed. (Clay, Charles Travis; Farrer, William, eds.: Early Yorkshire charters, Vol. 8, The Honour
of Warenne. 1949)
Kinders:
c.1. Sir Nicholas, geb. c. 1194, x voor 1214, met Dionysia de NEWMARCH, d.v. Ralph de Newmarch en Letitia de Chevercourt.
