The number of carucates available for military
enfeoffment the region most heavily encumbered (belas) with
knights' fees was that of the Don valley.
(Dalton, Paul: Feudal Politics in
Yorkshire 1066 x 1154. A thesis
submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of
Sheffield. April 1990. P. 92) Ongeveer 1500 hektaar grond was nodig om ‘n
ridder te onderhou en daarom is klein landgoedere in gedeeltes van ‘n knight’s fee gemeet. (http://www.towneley.org.uk/downloads/TTv4_web.pdf)
Hoe
die grond verdeel is, is nie heeltemal duidelik nie. It is,
however, of little consequence of what superior Wortley was really holden,
since the superiors must have placed a subinfeudatory here. This was done soon after the Conquest, and
that subinfeudatory, whoever he was, was the progenitor of the lords who hold
Wortley at the present time. (Timbs, John:
Abbeys, Castles, and Ancient Halls of England and Wales. Their legendary lore and popular
history. Vol 3. London. P. 234)
Koning Henry II het vir Koning Stephen opgevolg en
het van 1154-1189 regeer. Hy was een van
die mees doeltreffende konings van Engeland.
Hy het aan bewind gekom te midde van die Anarchy (periode van burgeroorlog) van koning Stephen se regering. English and Norman barons in Stephen's reign
manipulated feudal law to undermine royal authority. Hy het die Normandiese regering verfyn en ‘n
selfstandige burokrasie geskep. Hy het
oorloë, rebellie en omstredenheid suksesvol oorleef. (Britannia http://www.britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon26.html) In sy regeringstyd het Henry II die mag van
die baronne ingeperk. (Royal family
history. http://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=henry2) Until
the reign of Henry II (r.1154-89), royal justice was administered wherever the
King happened to be, but under Henry, a royal ordinance decreed that five
judges should sit in a certain place rather than travel with the King for the
convenience of litigants. Thus by 1178,
there were judges sitting in the Hall during the King's absence. Of the four main courts, the Common Pleas,
King's Bench, and Chancery sat in Westminster Hall itself, and the Exchequer in
an adjoining building. (http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/building/palace/westminsterhall/government-and-administration/early-law-courts/)
Daar is 'n gaping van 43 jaar tussen die Domesday inquest en die volgende oorblywende stel rekords: the pipe rolls uit die een en dertigste regeringsjaar van koning
Henry I (1130). Die volgende oorblywende
stel rekords is die pipe rolls van
die tweede jaar van die regering van Henry II (1156). Hulle verteenwoordig die
vroegste oorblywende reeks openbare rekords, en is deurlopende van 1155 af tot
in die 19de eeu.
Die eerste aangetekende Wortley was Alanus de Wortley, genoem in die
Pipe Rolls van 1165, die 11de regeringsjaar van Koning Henry II. One
Alanus de Wortley was mentioned in the Pipe Rolls of 1165 as having a residence
at Wortley. (The Village of Wortley. A place of beauty,
character and especially history. http://thecountesstearoom.co.uk/home/index.php/history/the-village-of-wortley)
Alanus is die eerste erkende voorsaad van die manor house, wat steeds in
besit van die Wortley heerskappy is. Alanus of Wortley, the first known
progenitor of this great family, lived in the twelfth century; but his birth can hardly be placed later than
the era of the sons of the Conqueror. (Timbs, John:
Abbeys, Castles, and Ancient Halls of England and Wales. Their legendary lore and popular
history. Vol 3. London. P. 234; 235)
Die Wortley heerskappy, vorm ongeveer driekwart van die gemeente van
Tankersley, veertien kilometer noord-noord-wes van Sheffield, and is naturally divided by general
topographical character into two portions of nearly equal extend – Wortley and
Wharncliffe. (Timbs, John: Abbeys, Castles, and Ancient Halls of England
and Wales. Their legendary lore and
popular history. Vol 3. London. P. 231) Die Wortley family was sedert die 12de eeu in
besit van grond by Wortley en Wharncliffe.
Wharncliffe occupied the rough
terrain on the western edge of the lordship of Wortley. (Hey, David:
A history of the Peak District Moors)
Die Tankersley gemeente word begrens aan die westekant deur die Donrivier
en beslaan ongeveer 8500 hektaar. Die grond is oor die algemeen vrugbaar en goed
vir verbouing. The surface is beautifully
diversified with hill and dale, and the scenery abounds with pleasing features,
a spacious park well stocked with deer,
and containing some of the most ancient and stately oak-timber in the county.
(Lewis, Samuel, ed.: 'Tamerton-Folliott - Tapton', in A
Topographical Dictionary of England, (London, 1848), pp. 297-300) Die Don, die grootste van die Sheffield-riviere
is skilderagtig mooi. Danus,Don, river. commonly Don and Dune, seems to be so call’d, because
it is carry’d in a low deep chanel; for that is the signification of the
British word Dan. It first salutes
Wortley, which has given name to the eminent family of the the Wortleys. (Camden, William: Britannia. 845)
On the Eastern edge of the District is located the
area known as Wharncliffe, a lovely woodland area overlooking the River Don and
dominated by an outcrop of natural Sandstone the Wharncliffe Crags. Deer have
roamed wild over this land for many years. (Stockbridge & district
history society – welcome to our past. http://www.stocksbridgehs.co.uk/archive/wharncliffe/%E2%80%9C/%E2%80%9C/) The
rugged escarpment of Wharncliffe Crags rises abruptly above the River Don on
the north-eastern border of Hallamshire. (Hey, David:
A history of the Peak District Moors)
Wharncliffe Crags, Sheffield. (Stockbridge & district history society –
welcome to our past. http://www.stocksbridgehs.co.uk/archive/wharncliffe/%E2%80%9C/%E2%80%9C/)
Middeleeuse kleinboere
het in wattelboom- en kleihutte gewoon.
Geen lord sou in soortgelyke omstandighede geleef het nie. Manors was van klip gebou en hulle was gebou
om lank te hou. Die manors se grootte
was 'n aanduiding van die lord se welvaart. In vergelyking met Tudor en Stuart Standaarde,
was Middeleeuse manors redelik klein. In
vergelyking met die standaarde van Middeleeuse Engeland, was hulle, buiten vir kastele
en katedrale, waarskynlik die grootste geboue wat die kleinboere ooit gesien
het. (History learning site – Medieval
manor houses http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/medieval
_manor_houses.htm ) Dit is onbekend waar die oorspronklike Wortley manor gebou was, maar 18de eeuse
landmeters wat die Wortley Old Park
opgemeet het, het geglo dat dit erens in die Wharncliffe Chase gebied was. (Newton, Richard: Wortley through the ages. The History of the Long Term Development of
the Landscape Surrounding Wortley Hall from the End of the Ice Age to the
Modern Period.) Wharmcliffe Chase is suid van die Wortley dorp geleë. I mean
in the neighbourhood of Wharncliffe Chase, where the hills are finely clothed
with native woods, and rise boldly though not abruptly, from its banks, till
they place the visitor on an elevation from which he may command a prospect
rich, varied, extensive and beautiful as eye can behold. (Hunter, Joseph: The History and Topography of the Parish of
Sheffield: with Historical and Descriptive Notices of the Parishes of
Ecclesfield, Hansworth, Treeton and Whiston, and of the Chapelry of Bradfield. London. 1819)
Feitlik al die Middeleeuse
manorial dwelling-houses was hall
houses in een of ander vorm. This
plan was composed of a single, full-height hall with a screen at one end
sheltering it from the entrance and from a passage which led, between the
buttery and pantry, to the kitchens: at the opposite end was a dais for the
owner and his family. Reached from the dais end were a chamber and a family
room with perhaps a sleeping-room (called a solar) above it. Dit
was ‘n baie suksesvolle manier van bou. Externally, from the 13th century onwards,
the social environment became more settled and peaceful and the need for a
manor house to be explicitly defensive was becoming less pressing. However,
many retained elements of fortification such as moats and gatehouses,
protecting a walled courtyard which often incorporated one or more ranges of
buildings, extending from and around the original hall and housing the wider
range of rooms that the increasingly complex services and social structures
within the household demanded. As such, the story of most manorial houses up to
the 16th century was one of accretion and addition, rather than wholesale
rebuilding. (Staveley Hall: An outline chronology. Staveley_hall_a_timeline_chronology.pdf)
Die stamboom van die Wortley familie hieronder is grootliks soos dit
voorkom in Joseph Foster se Pedigrees of
the County Families of Yorkshire, Vol. 2, West Riding London. 1874.
